タチツボスミレは北海道から九州まで、山地から平地まで、日当たりの良いところなら、ごく普通に自生。花言葉は「小さな幸せ」などです。
Japanese Violet grows naturally in sunny places from Hokkaido to Kyushu, from the mountains to the plains. Flower language is “small happiness” etc.
【仮名】タチツボスミレ
【和名】立坪菫
【英名】Japanese Violet
【学名】Viola grypoceras
【誕生】01/ 15, 03/ 02
【開花】03, 04, 05月
【花色】White, Pink, Violet, Green
タチツボスミレ
タチツボスミレの自生
タチツボスミレはスミレ科の多年草。日本では北海道から九州まで、山地から平地まで、日当たりの良いところなら、ごく普通に自生しています。古くから親しまれて『万葉集』や『枕草子』にも記され、スミレ属の標準種「菫」よりも標準的な菫。花言葉は「小さな幸せ」などです。
タチツボスミレの名前
タチツボスミレの名前の由来は、身近な庭（坪）に生えていて、花後に茎が立ち上がる菫だからです。菫の呼称は花の後ろに「距」が突き出て、それが大工道具の「墨入れ」に似ていたから。ラテン語の属名ビオラは「紫色の」、種小名グリポセラスは「曲がった角」という意味です。
タチツボスミレの姿形
タチツボスミレは春、ハート形で縁がギザギザの葉が地面から生えます。花柄が伸びて俯くように咲く花は左右相称の花弁が５枚。後ろに細長い距が突き出ます。花後の蒴果は熟すと３裂。夏に茎が立ち上がって葉は互生し、閉鎖花が蕾のまま受粉します。秋が終わると地下茎で越冬。
タチツボスミレの変種
タチツボスミレは変種が多く、花色によって「白花立坪菫」「桜立坪菫」「乙女立坪菫」「緑立坪菫」、葉の違いにより「艶菫」「赤斑立坪菫」「毛立坪菫」「裏紅立坪菫」「蔓立坪菫」、西日本に「小立坪菫」「渓流立坪菫」、島嶼部に「七島菫」「屋久島立坪菫」などがあります。
タチツボスミレの近縁
タチツボスミレの近縁種「匂立坪菫」は花色が濃く鮮やかで芳香があり、茎や葉に白い短毛が密生。「長葉立坪菫」は葉が細長く紫色を帯びます。「長嘴菫」は距が鳥の嘴のように細長く、別名「天狗菫」とも。「磯菫」は海岸の砂浜に生えて花が大きく、「瀬波菫」とも呼ばれます。
Japanese Violet
Natural growth of Japanese Violet
Japanese Violet are perennials of the Violaceae family. In Japan, from Hokkaido to Kyushu, from the mountains to the plains, it grows naturally in any sunny place. It has been popular for a long time and is described in Japanese classical literature “Manyoshu” and “Makura no Soshi”. It is a more standard violet than the standard species “Mandshurica” of the genus Viola in Japan. Flower language is “small happiness”.
Name of Japanese Violet
The Japanese name of Japanese Violet means Violet that it grows in a familiar garden and the stem stands up after flowering. The Japanese name of Violet comes from the protruding “spur” behind the flower, which resembles the “inking” of a carpenter’s tool. The Latin genus name Viola means “purple” and the specific epithet Grypoceras means “curved horn”.
Appearance of Japanese Violet
Japanese Violet has heart-shaped leaves with jagged edges that grow from the ground in spring. The flower that blooms with the peduncle elongated and blooms downward has 5 petals that are bilaterally symmetrical. An elongated spur protrudes behind it. The post-flowering capsule splits into three when ripe. The stems stand up in the summer, the leaves are alternate, and the closed flowers are pollinated as buds. After autumn, it overwinters as an underground rhizome.
Variety of Japanese Violet
There are many varieties of Japanese Violet. Depending on the color of the flower, “Albiflora”, “Rosipetala”, “Purpurellocalcarata”, and “Viridans”. Depending on the leaf color, “Lucida”, “Variegata”, “Pubescens”, and “Rhizomata”. There are “Exilis” and “Ripensis” in western Japan, “Hichitoana” and “Yakusimensis” on the island area.
Relative of Japanese Violet
There are many closely related species of Japanese Violet. “Obtusa” has dark, vivid and fragrant flowers, and the stems and leaves are densely covered with white short hairs. “Ovato-oblonga” has slender leaves and is tinged with purple. “Rostrata” has a long, narrow spur like a bird’s beak. “Grayi” grows on the sandy beaches of the coast and has large flowers.
