モッコウバラの園芸種は枝にトゲがなく、花が黄色の八重咲きで結実しないものが一般的。花言葉は「純潔」「初恋」「素朴な美」などです。
Garden varieties of Banksia Rose generally do not have thorns on their branches, have double yellow flowers, and do not bear fruit. The language of flowers is “purity”, “first love”, and “simple beauty”.
【仮名】モッコウバラ
【和名】木香薔薇, 木香茨
【英名】Banksia Rose, Banksian Rose
【学名】Rosa banksiae
【誕生】03/ 29, 04/ 25, 04/ 30, 05/ 16
【開花】04, 05月
【花色】White, Yellow
モッコウバラ
モッコウバラの概要
モッコウバラはバラ科の常緑低木。原産地は中国中南部で、日本へは江戸時代に渡来しました。園芸種は枝にトゲがなく、花が黄色の八重咲きで、結実しないものが一般的。根が生薬「香花刺」で月経不順、腫れ物、打撲に用いられます。花言葉は「純潔」「初恋」「素朴な美」など。
モッコウバラの名前
モッコウバラの名前の由来は根の匂いが「木香」に似ているから。木香はインド北西部に自生するキク科の多年草です。太く硬い根に蜜のような芳香があり、古くから香料にも用いられる生薬。ラテン語の種小名バンクシアは18世紀の英国の植物学者ジョゼフ・バンクスに由来します。
モッコウバラの姿形
モッコウバラの枝は蔓性。他物に絡みながら旺盛に伸びます。葉は小葉３～５枚が羽状に集まって互生。小葉は少し尖った楕円形で光沢があります。花はいろいろ。白色は芳香があって遅咲き、黄色は数が多くて早咲き、一重咲きは枝にトゲがあり、八重咲きは枝にトゲがありません。
モッコウバラの種類
モッコウバラの変種「バンクシア」は中国で育成された黄色の八重咲き、「ノルマリス」は白色の一重咲き。一方、園芸改良種は「ルテア」が代表的で黄色の八重咲きです。そのほか、「ルテスケンス」が黄色の一重咲き、「アルバ」が白色の八重咲き。いずれも初夏の一季咲きです。
モッコウバラの近縁
モッコウバラの近縁「庚申薔薇」は原産地が同じ中国。四季咲き性で枝にトゲがあり、花が桃色の一重咲きで、赤色の実が成ります。日本へは平安時代に観賞用で渡来し、欧州では交配用の原種に。漢方では花が生薬「月季花」として生理不順、生理痛、甲状腺の腫れに用いられます。
Banksia Rose
Banksia Rose is an evergreen shrub in the Rosaceae family. It is native to central and southern China, and was introduced to Japan during the Edo period. The garden variety generally does not have thorns on its branches, has double yellow flowers, and does not bear fruit. The root is used as a herbal medicine and is used for menstrual irregularities, swelling, and bruises. The language of flowers is “purity”, “first love”, and “simple beauty”.
The Japanese name of Banksia Rose means “Saussurea root Rose”. This is because the smell of the root is similar to Saussurea root. Saussurea root is a perennial herb of the Asteraceae family that grows in northwestern India.It has thick, hard roots with a honey-like aroma, and has been used as a herbal medicine since ancient times as a fragrance. The Latin species name banksiae comes from the 18th century English botanist Joseph Banks.
The branches of Banksia Rose are vine-like and grow vigorously while intertwining with other things. The leaves are alternate, with 3 to 5 leaflets clustered together in a pinnate formation. The leaflets are slightly pointed, oval, and shiny. Flowers are diverse. White flowers are fragrant and bloom late, yellow flowers are abundant and bloom early, single flowers have thorns on the branches, and double flowers have no thorns on the branches.
The Banksia Rose variety “banksiae” is a yellow double-flowered variety grown in China, and “normalis” is a white single-flowered variety. On the other hand, the representative improved horticultural variety is “lutea”, which has double yellow flowers. In addition, “lutescens” has yellow single blooms, and “Alba” has white double blooms. All flowers bloom only once in early summer.
Banksia Rose’s close relative “Rosa chinensis” originates from the same country as China. It blooms all season, has thorns on its branches, has single pink flowers, and produces red fruits. It was brought to Japan during the Heian period as an ornamental, and in Europe it was used as an original species for hybridization. In Chinese medicine, the flower is used as a herbal medicine to treat menstrual irregularities, menstrual pain, and thyroid swelling.
