タンポポの丸い花は小さな舌状花が集まったもの。朝開いて夜しぼみます。綿毛は冠毛のついた種子が集まったもの。風に乗って旅立ちます。
The round flowers of dandelions are a collection of small tongue-shaped flowers. Open in the morning and deflate at night. Fluff is a collection of seeds with pappus. Take the wind and leave.
【仮名】タンポポ, ホコウエイ
【和名】蒲公英
【英名】Dandelion, Blowball
【学名】Taraxacum
【誕生】02/ 18, 02/ 19, 03/ 13, 03/ 23, 03/ 29, 04/ 03, 05/ 03
【開花】03, 04月
【花色】White, Yellow
タンポポ
タンポポの生態
タンポポはキク科の多年草です。自生種はユーラシア大陸に広く分布。路傍や野原など、日当たりが良く、水はけの良いところを好みます。草丈は15cmくらいですが、丈夫な根が深く50cmくらいまで伸長。地上部を刈り払っても成長点が地際にあって地下部も残るので再生します。
タンポポの名前
タンポポの名前の由来は綿などを丸めて布で包んだ「たんぽ」。綿毛が似ているから「たんぽ穂」、それが転じてタンポポです。和名の由来は生薬の「蒲公英」。全草を開花前に収穫・乾燥させたものです。英名は葉のギザギザに由来。フランス語で「ライオンの歯」という意味です。
タンポポの形態
タンポポの茎は葉をつけません。葉は地際で展開し、縁がギザギザ。日当たりがよいところで切れ込みが深くなり、悪いところで浅くなります。丸い花は小さな舌状花が集まったもの。３日間、朝開いて夜しぼみます。綿毛は冠毛のついた種子が集まったもの。風に乗って旅立ちます。
タンポポの食用
タンポポは食べられる野草。葉がお浸しに、花が酢のものになります。東欧や中東では葉をサラダに、米国では花を醸造に。漢方では蒲公英が健胃、解熱、利尿などに用いられます。さらに炒ればコーヒーの代用に。カフェインを含まないので睡眠を妨げず、健康と美容に役立ちます。
タンポポの種類
タンポポには在来種「ニホンタンポポ」と外来種「セイヨウタンポポ」があります。在来種は花の下の総苞片が花に沿って真っ直ぐ上向き。日本の自然環境に適応し、春に開花します。外来種は総苞片が反って外向き、都市部で繁殖、一年中開花。そして、両種の交雑が進んでいます。
Dandelions
Dandelion ecology
Dandelion is a perennial plant of the Asteraceae family. Native species are widely distributed in the Eurasian continent. They prefer sunny and well-drained areas such as roadsides and fields. The plant height is about 15 cm, but the strong roots are deep and extend to about 50 cm. Even if the above-ground part is cut off, the growth point is near the ground and the underground part remains, so it will be regenerated.
Dandelion name
The origin of the name of dandelion is “Tampo”, which is made by rolling cotton and wrapping it in a cloth. Because the fluff is similar, “Tampoho”, that is dandelion. The origin of the Japanese name is the crude drug “Hokouei”. The whole plant is harvested and dried before flowering. The English name is derived from the jagged leaves. It means “lion’s tooth” in French.
Dandelion morphology
Dandelion stems do not have leaves. The leaves unfold near the ground and the edges are jagged. The notch becomes deeper in sunny places and shallower in bad places. Round flowers are a collection of small tongue-shaped flowers. Open in the morning and deflate at night for 3 days. Fluff is a collection of seeds with pappus. Take the wind and leave.
Dandelion edible
Dandelions are edible wildflowers. The leaves are soaked and the flowers are vinegared. Leaves for salads in Eastern Europe and the Middle East, and flowers for brewing in the United States. In Chinese medicine, dandelions are used for stomach upset, fever reduction, diuresis, etc. If you fry it, you can use it as a substitute for coffee. Since it does not contain caffeine, it does not interfere with sleep and is useful for health and beauty.
Types of dandelions
There are two types of dandelions: the native species “Japanese dandelion” and the exotic species ” Western dandelion”. In the native species, the total bracts under the flower point straight up along the flower. It adapts to the natural environment of Japan and blooms in spring. Invasive species have all bracts warped outwards, breed in urban areas, and bloom all year round. And the crossing of both species is progressing.
