ハナカタバミは、江戸時代の末期に観賞用で渡来。九州、四国などの暖地で広がり、土手や道端など日当たりの良いところで自生しています。
Oxalis Bowiei came to Japan at the end of the Edo period for ornamental purposes. It spread in warm areas such as Kyushu and Shikoku, and grows naturally in sunny places such as banks and roadsides.
【仮名】ハナカタバミ, オキザリス・ボーウィー
【和名】花片喰
【英名】Oxalis Bowiei
【学名】Oxalis bowiei
【誕生】11/ 21, 12/ 15
【開花】07, 08, 09, 10月
【花色】Pink
ハナカタバミ
ハナカタバミの来歴
ハナカタバミはカタバミ科の多年草です。原産地は南アフリカのケープ地方で、日本へは江戸時代の末期に観賞用で渡来。九州、四国などの暖地で広がり、土手や道端など日当たりのよいところで自生しています。花言葉は「心の輝き」「母親の優しさ」「あなたと過ごしたい」など。
ハナカタバミの名前
ハナカタバミの名前の由来は姿形が在来の「片喰」に似ていて、咲く花が大きく見事だから。ラテン語の属名オキザリスは「酸っぱい」という意味で、葉や根にシュウ酸が含まれるためです。種名ボーウィーは19世紀の英国の植物学者で原産地にも赴いたジェームズ・ボウイへの献名。
ハナカタバミの姿形
ハナカタバミは根茎が太く長く、紡錘形の塊茎から茎、花柄、葉柄を伸ばします。葉は３出複葉で、小葉が丸みのある倒心形。花は花弁が５枚で桃色、真ん中が黄色です。雄しべは長いものが５本、短いものが５本、雌しべは柱頭が５裂。花後の蒴果は熟すと裂けて種子を散らします。
ハナカタバミの近縁
ハナカタバミのように花が紅色のカタバミ属は、原産地が同じ南アフリカの「芋片喰」、南米の「紫片喰」「紅片喰」があります。和名は芋片喰が根茎の肥大、紫片喰と紅片喰が花色に由来。花片喰との違いは、いずれも花の大きさが半分くらいと小さく、花弁どうしが重なりません。
Oxalis Bowiei
History of Oxalis Bowiei
Oxalis Bowiei is a perennial herb of the Oxalidaceae family. The place of origin is the Cape region of South Africa, and it was brought to Japan for ornamental purposes at the end of the Edo period. It spread in warm areas such as Kyushu and Shikoku, and grows naturally in sunny places such as embankments and roadsides. The language of flowers is “brilliance of the heart”, “a mother’s kindness”, “I want to spend time with you”, etc.
Name of Oxalis Bowiei
The Japanese name of Oxalis Bowiei is “Flower oxalis”. The reason for this is that the shape resembles that of the native “Oxalis corniculata”, and the blooming flowers are large and splendid. The genus name oxalis in Latin means “sour” because the leaves and roots contain oxalic acid. The species name Bowiei is a dedication to James Bowie, a 19th-century English botanist who traveled to this plant’s native land.
Shape of Oxalis Bowiei
Oxalis Bowiei has a thick and long rhizome, and the stem, peduncle, and petiole extend from the spindle-shaped tuber. The leaves are trifoliate compound with rounded obcentric leaflets. The flower has five petals and is pink with a yellow center. There are 5 long stamens and 5 short stamens, and the pistil has 5 cleft stigmas. The post-flowering capsule splits when ripe and scatters the seeds.
Close relative of Oxalis Bowiei
Among the Oxalis genus, those with red flowers like Bowiei are “Articulata” who is also native to South Africa, “Debilis” and “Brasiliensis” who are native to South America. The Japanese name for Articulata is “Potato oxalis” which is derived from the enlargement of the rhizome, and the Japanese name for Debilis is “Purple oxalis”, Brasiliensis is “Red oxalis”, both of which are derived from the color of the flowers. The difference from Bowiei is that the flower of these species is small, about half the size, and the petals do not overlap.
