ヒアシンスの和名、英名、属名はギリシャ神話の美少年「ヒュアキントス」に由来。花は穂のように集まって咲き、爽やかな芳香があります。
The Japanese name, English name, and genus name of Hyacinth are derived from “Hyakinthos,” a handsome boy from Greek mythology. The flowers bloom in clusters like panicles and have a refreshing fragrance.
【仮名】ヒアシンス, ヒヤシンス, フウシンシ
【和名】風信子
【英名】Hyacinth
【学名】Hyacinthus orientalis
【誕生】01/ 07, 02/ 18, 03/ 04, 12/ 11, 12/ 23
【開花】01, 02, 03, 04, 12月
【花色】White, Pink, Red, Purple, Violet, Blue, Yellow, Orange
ヒアシンス
ヒアシンスの概要
ヒアシンスはキジカクシ科の多年草です。原産地は西アジアのトルコからイランにかけて。16世紀にオスマン帝国から欧州のイタリアや英国へ、19世紀にフランスやオランダから日本へ伝わりました。栽培は球根の地植えが一般的。一方、水だけで根が伸び、葉が開き、花が咲きます。
ヒアシンスの名前
ヒアシンスは標準和名です。別名ヒヤシンス、英名ハイアシンス。ラテン語の属名ヒアシンサスとともにギリシャ神話の美少年「ヒュアキントス」に由来します。種小名オリエンタリスは「東洋の」という意味。和名の「風信子」は当て字で、風によって運ばれる花の香りを表します。
ヒアシンスの姿形
ヒアシンスの葉は根生。細長く先端が尖り、肉厚で光沢があります。花は葉と葉の間から茎が直立。花茎の先端で穂のように小花が集まって咲きます。小花は筒形で、花被が反り返って６裂。爽やかな芳香があります。花後の蒴果は熟すと裂開。種枕のついた黒色の種子を散らします。
ヒアシンスの逸話
ヒアシンスはギリシャ神話に逸話があります。美少年ヒュアキントスは医学の神アポロンと相思相愛。円盤投げに興じていた２人に西風の神ゼピュロスが嫉妬します。意地悪な風で軌道を逸れた円盤が額を直撃し、ヒュアキントスが落命。流れ落ちた額の血から美しい花が咲きました。
Hyacinth
Hyacinth is a perennial plant of the Asparagaceae family. It is native to Western Asia, from Turkey to Iran. It spread from the Ottoman Empire to Italy and Britain in Europe in the 16th century, and from France and the Netherlands to Japan in the 19th century. Cultivation is generally done by planting bulbs in the ground. On the other hand, water alone causes roots to grow, leaves to open, and flowers to bloom.
The Japanese name of Hyacinth is pronounced almost the same as the English name. Together with the Latin genus name Hyacinthus, they are derived from “Hyakinthos”, a handsome boy from Greek mythology. The species name orientalis means “of the East.” There is also another Japanese name that means “the scent of flowers carried by the wind.”
Hyacinth leaves are basal. The leaves are long and thin with a pointed tip, fleshy and glossy. The flower stalks grow upright between the leaves. The florets bloom in spike-like clusters at the tip of the flower stalk. The florets are cylindrical, and the perianth is curved and split into six parts. The flowers have a refreshing fragrance. After flowering, the capsules split open when ripe. Then, scatter the black seeds with elaiosome.
Hyacinth has a story in Greek mythology. The handsome boy Hyakinthos was in love with Apollo, the god of medicine. The two were having fun throwing the discus, and Zephyros, the god of the west wind, saw this and became jealous of Apollo. Zephyros blows a malicious wind that causes the disc to deviate from its orbit and hit Hyakinthos in the forehead, killing him. And a beautiful flower bloomed from the blood that fell from his forehead.
