サネカズラの花は乳白色で風鈴のように下を向いて咲きます。中心は球状で、雄花が赤色、雌花が緑色。液果は丸く集まって赤色に熟します。
The flowers of Japanese Kadsura are milky white and bloom downwards like wind chimes. The center is spherical, with male flowers red and female flowers green. The berries are round and ripen red.
【仮名】サネカズラ, ビナンカズラ
【和名】実葛, 美男葛
【英名】Japanese Kadsura
【学名】Kadsura japonica
【誕生】09/ 15, 11/ 06
【開花】07, 08, 09月
【花色】White, Yellow
サネカズラ
サネカズラの概要
サネカズラはマツブサ科の蔓性常緑低木。日本では関東以西の本州、四国、九州、国外では朝鮮半島、中国、台湾に分布しています。林縁などで自生する一方、身近な庭木や鉢植えに。古くから親しまれ、７世紀後半～８世紀前半に編纂された歌集『万葉集』でも多く詠まれています。
サネカズラの名前
サネカズラの和名は「果実が美しい蔓性植物」といった意味です。別名「美男葛」「美人葛」「鬢付葛」の由来は樹液が整髪に用いられたため。また、別名「布海苔葛」「薯蕷汁葛」「糊葛」の由来は樹液が造幣に用いられたためです。ラテン語の属名カズラは日本語の「葛」に由来。
サネカズラの姿形
サネカズラの蔓は他物に絡みながら伸長。樹皮が褐色で、盛んに分岐します。葉は楕円形で互生。厚い革質で鈍い光沢があります。花は乳白色の花被片が数枚～十数枚。風鈴のように下を向いて咲きます。中心は球状で、雄花が赤色、雌花が緑色。液果は丸く集まって赤色に熟します。
サネカズラの利用
サネカズラは挿し木や株分けで容易に殖やせることもあって、生け垣などの庭木や盆栽などの鉢植えに用いられました。果実は天日で干したものが生薬「南五味子」として滋養強壮、咳止めに。樹皮は水で抽出した粘液が生薬「美男葛」として、ひび割れ、あかぎれに用いられました。
Japanese Kadsura
Japanese Kadsura is a climbing evergreen shrub of the Schisandraceae family. In Japan, it is distributed in Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu west of the Kanto region, and overseas in the Korean peninsula, China, and Taiwan. It grows wild on forest edges, but is also grown as a familiar garden tree or potted plant. It has been popular in Japan for a long time, and is often written about in the collection of poems “Manyoshu”, which was compiled in the late 7th century to the early 8th century.
The Japanese name of Japanese Kadsura means “a climbing plant with beautiful fruit”. It is also known as “a climbing plant of beautiful men”, “a climbing plant of beautiful women”, and “a climbing plant for hair styling”, because its sap was used for styling hair. It is also known as the “vine of funori”, “vine of grated yam” and “vine of paste”, because its sap was used for minting. The Latin genus name Kadsura comes from the Japanese “vine plant”.
The vines of Japanese Kadsura grow while twining around other things. Its bark is brown and branches vigorously. The leaves are elliptical and alternate. They are thick and leathery with a dull luster. The flowers have several to a dozen milky white tepals. They bloom facing downward like wind chimes. The center of the flower is spherical, with male flowers red and female flowers green. The berries are round and ripen to red.
Japanese Kadsura is easy to propagate by cuttings and division, so it was used as a garden tree such as a hedge or a potted plant such as bonsai. The fruits, dried in the sun, were used as a herbal medicine for nutrition and cough relief. Mucus extracted from the bark with water was used as a herbal medicine to treat cracks and chapped skin.
