パンジーの名前の由来はフランス語の「パンセ」（思索）。花の模様が人の顔に似ていて、咲き始めがうつむいているように見えるからです。
The name of Pansy is derived from the French word “pensee”. Because the pattern on the flower resembles a human face, and when it begins to bloom, it looks like thinking.
【仮名】パンジー, サンシキスミレ
【和名】三色菫
【英名】Pansy
【学名】Viola x wittrockiana
【誕生】01/ 16, 02/ 02, 02/ 07, 05/ 25, 11/ 16
【開花】01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 06, 10, 11, 12月
【花色】White, Pink, Red, Purple, Violet, Blue, Yellow, Orange
パンジー
パンジーの生態
パンジーはスミレ科の多年草です。原産地の欧州から日本へ江戸時代末期に渡来。日本は蒸し暑いので夏が越せない一方、寒さには強く、花や葉をつけたまま冬が越せます。花言葉は「もの思い」「純愛」。花の模様が人の顔に似て、咲き始めがうつむいているように見えるからです。
パンジーの名前
パンジーの名前の由来は「パンセ」。フランス語で「思索」という意味で、花の模様や咲き始めの様子によるものです。ラテン語の属名ビオラは「紫色」という意味で、代表的な花色に由来。種名ウィトロキアーナはスウェーデンの植物学者ファイト・ウィトロック博士への献名です。
パンジーの育種
パンジーは野生のスミレ属から生まれました。欧州に広く自生する「トリカラー」種に、黄色系で欧州の高地に自生する「ルテア」種や、西アジアの地中海沿岸に自生する「アルタイカ」種を交配。欧州各地で19世紀から盛んに育種され、ガラス温室の普及などで栽培も広がりました。
パンジーの姿形
パンジーの葉は楕円形で縁が浅く掌状。花は花弁が上２枚、横２枚、下１枚で、雄しべが短く５本、雌しべの柱頭が膨らみます。花後の蒴果は熟すと３つに裂けて種子を散布。姿形は可愛らしいですが、ビリオンやサボニン、ビオラルチンなど嘔吐や神経麻痺を起こす成分も含みます。
パンジーの近縁
パンジーと姿形が似ている「ビオラ」はスペイン北部の高地に自生する「コルヌタ」種に由来。かつては花径５cm以上がパンジー、それより小さいものがビオラとされましたが、最近さらに両方の交配が進んで曖昧になり、豪華なのがパンジー、可愛らしいのがビオラとされています。
Pansy
Ecology of Pansy
Pansy is perennials of the Violaceae family. It was brought to Japan from Europe, where it originated, at the end of the Edo period. Japan is hot and humid, so it can’t survive the summer, but it is resistant to the cold and can survive the winter with its flowers and leaves on. The language of flowers is “thoughts” and “pure love”. This is because the pattern of the flower resembles a human face, and the beginning of blooming looks downward.
Name of Pansy
The name of Pansy comes from “pensee”. It means “contemplation” in French, and is derived from the pattern of flowers and the appearance of the beginning of blooming. The Latin genus name viola means “purple” and is derived from the typical flower color. The species name Wittrockiana is a dedication to the Swedish botanist Dr. Veit Brecher Wittrock.
Breeding of Pansy
Pansy originated from the wild Viola genus. The “Tricolor”, which grows naturally in Europe, is crossed with the “Lutea”, which grows naturally in the highlands of Europe, and the “Altaica”, which grows naturally in the Mediterranean coast of West Asia. Since the 19th century, it has been actively bred in various parts of Europe, and its cultivation has spread with the spread of glass greenhouses.
Shape of Pansy
Pansy leaves are oval and palmate with shallow margins. The flower has 2 upper petals, 2 horizontal petals and 1 lower petal. The 5 stamens are short, and the stigma of the pistil swells. The post-flowering capsule splits into three when ripe and disperses the seeds. It looks cute, but it also contains ingredients that cause vomiting and nerve paralysis, such as virion, saponin, and violartin.
Relative of Pansy
“Viola”, which has a similar shape to Pansy, is derived from the “Cornuta” that grows naturally in the highlands of northern Spain. In the past, Pansy was considered to be those with a diameter of 5 cm or more, and those smaller than that were considered to be Viola. But recently, the crossbreeding of both has progressed and become ambiguous. Therefore, the Pansy is the gorgeous one, and the Viola is the cute one.
