ビオラは晩秋から晩春まで長期に渡って開花し続けます。パンジーとともに冬を代表する花。花立ちがよく強健な一方、可憐で素朴な花です。
The Viola continues to bloom for a long time from late autumn to late spring. A flower that represents winter with pansies. It is a pretty and simple flower, while it has good flowering and is strong.
【仮名】ビオラ, サンシキスミレ
【和名】三色菫
【英名】Viola, Tufted Pansy
【学名】Viola
【誕生】01/ 06, 01/ 09, 01/ 28, 02/ 03, 11/ 11, 12/ 18
【開花】01, 02, 03, 04, 05, 10, 11, 12月
【花色】White, Pink, Red, Purple, Violet, Blue, Yellow, Orange
ビオラ
ビオラの名前
ビオラはスミレ科スミレ属の一年草。原産地は欧州のフランス西部で、世界中に500種くらい自生しています。名前の由来はギリシャ神話から。雌牛に姿を変えた少女のために、天帝ゼウスが紫色の花を咲かせました。少女の名前はIon。Ionが転じて花の名前はViolaになりました。
ビオラの栽培
ビオラは晩秋から晩春まで長期に渡って開花。パンジーとともに冬を代表する花です。花径は小輪２～３cm、中輪３～４cm。適切な手入れで次々と咲くので育てやすい花です。草丈は15～20cmと小ぶり。花壇だけでなく、コンテナやハンギングバスケットでも栽培できます。
ビオラの過去
ビオラはスミレからパンジーへの育種過程で生じた系統。そのため、パンジーとビオラの区別はかなり曖昧です。花径５cm以上がパンジー、４cm以下がビオラ。パンジーのほうが改良は進んでいるので、ビオラは品種が少ないものの自然に近く、花立ちがよくて強健とされました。
ビオラの現在
しかし、パンジーで小輪や強健多花性の系統が作出される一方、ビオラで大輪が育成されて花色も多様化。今では見た目が華やかならパンジー、可憐で素朴ならビオラになっています。花言葉は「私のことを思ってください」「忠実」「誠実な愛」「信頼」「少女の恋」「空想の羽」。
ビオラの食用
ビオラは食用可能。繊維質やβカロテンにも富んでいます。印象に残るような味や香りはないものの、かえって料理の味や香りを損なわないエディブルフラワー。ただし、根茎や種子にビオリン、サポニン、ビオラルチン、グリコサイドといった有毒成分が含まれているので要注意です。
Viola
Viola is an annual plant of the genus Violet in the family Violaceae. The place of origin is the western part of France in Europe, and about 500 species grow naturally all over the world. The name comes from Greek mythology. For the girl who turned into a cow, Zeus, the Emperor, bloomed purple flowers. The girl’s name is Ion. Ion changed and the name of the flower became Viola.
The viola blooms for a long time from late autumn to late spring. It is a flower that represents winter along with pansies. The flower diameter is 2 to 3 cm for small flowers and 3 to 4 cm for medium flowers. It is an easy-to-grow flower because it blooms one after another with proper care. The plant height is as small as 15 to 20 cm. It can be cultivated not only in flower beds but also in containers and hanging baskets.
Viola is a strain produced during the breeding process from violets to pansies. Therefore, the distinction between pansies and violas is rather vague. Pansies with a flower diameter of 5 cm or more are violas with a flower diameter of 4 cm or less. Since the pansies have been improved, the viola has few varieties, but it is close to nature, and it has good flowering and is considered to be strong.
However, while pansies produce small flowers and strong multi-flowered lines, violas grow large flowers and the flower colors are diversified. Nowadays, if it looks gorgeous, it’s a pansy, and if it’s pretty and simple, it’s a viola. The flower language is “think about me,” “faithful,” “honest love,” “trust,” “girl’s love,” and “fantasy wings.”
Viola is edible. It is also rich in fiber and β-carotene. An edible flower that does not spoil the taste or aroma of food, although it does not have an impressive taste or aroma. However, be aware that rhizomes and seeds contain toxic components such as violin, saponin, violaltin, and glycoside.
