キジムシロの花は先の尖った萼片が５枚、先の凹んだ花弁が５枚。春の陽射しに花々の鮮やかな黄色が映えます。花言葉は「明るく輝いて」。
Cinquefoil flowers have five pointed sepals and five concave petals. The bright yellow of the flowers shines in the spring sunshine. The flower’s language is “shining brightly.”
【仮名】キジムシロ
【和名】雉莚, 雉蓆
【英名】Cinquefoil
【学名】Potentilla fragarioides
【誕生】04/ 05
【開花】03, 04, 05月
【花色】Yellow
キジムシロ
キジムシロの概要
キジムシロはバラ科の多年草です。日本では北海道、本州、四国、九州、南西諸島、国外では朝鮮半島、中国に分布。陽当たりのよい林野や野原で自生しています。新芽に柔らかい毛が生えて心地よい手触り。春の陽射しに花々の鮮やかな黄色が映えます。花言葉は「明るく輝いて」。
キジムシロの名前
キジムシロの和名の由来は放射状に広がる根⽣葉。地面を覆う根⽣葉を雉が座る莚（蓆）に見立てました。英名シンクフォイルは「５つの葉」という意味のフランス語に由来。ラテン語の属名ポテンティラは「強力な」、種小名フラガリオイデスは「阿蘭陀苺に似た」という意味です。
キジムシロの姿形
キジムシロの茎は粗毛が生え、地面を這います。葉は根生葉が小葉7～9枚の奇数羽状複葉、茎生葉が小さな３出複葉。小葉は楕円形で縁に鋸歯があります。花は先の尖った萼片が５枚、先の凹んだ花弁が５枚、雄しべが20本くらい。雌しべは離生心皮で、花後に卵形の痩果を結びます。
キジムシロの近縁
キジムシロの近縁「三葉土栗」は北海道から本州、四国、九州まで、国外では朝鮮半島、中国、ロシアに分布。陽当たりのよい野原で自生しています。花が似ていて、披針形の萼片が５枚、倒卵形の花弁が５枚、花後に痩果を形成。一方、根茎が肥大し、葡枝が伸び、葉が３小葉です。
Cinquefoil
Cinquefoil is a perennial plant of the Rosaceae family. In Japan, it is distributed in Hokkaido, Honshu, Shikoku, Kyushu, and the Nansei Islands, and overseas in the Korean Peninsula and China. It grows wild in sunny forests and fields. The new shoots have soft hairs that feel comfortable to the touch. The bright yellow of the flowers shines in the spring sunshine. The flower’s language is “shining brightly.”
The Japanese name of Cinquefoil means “pheasant mat” and comes from the basal leaves that spread out radially. The basal leaves that cover the ground are likened to a mat on which a pheasant sits. The English name comes from the French word meaning “five leaves.” The Latin genus name Potentilla means “powerful”. The specific name fragarioides means “similar to Dutch strawberry”.
Cinquefoil’s stems are hairy and creep along the ground. The basal leaves are odd-pinnate compound leaves with 7-9 leaflets, and the cauline leaves are small trifoliate compound leaves. The leaflets are elliptical with sawtooth edges. The flower has 5 pointed sepals, 5 concave petals, and about 20 stamens. The pistil is a separate carpel, and after flowering, it produces an egg-shaped achene.
Potentilla freyniana, a close relative of Cinquefoil, is distributed from Hokkaido to Honshu, Shikoku, and Kyushu, and overseas in the Korean Peninsula, China, and Russia. It grows wild in sunny fields. The flowers are similar, with five lanceolate sepals and five obovate petals, and form achenes after flowering. On the other hand, the rhizomes are swollen, the branches are elongated, and the leaves are three-leafleted.
