ニカンドラの花は淡い青紫色と白色の釣鐘型で花冠が浅く５裂し、雄しべが５本あります。萼は筒状で側面の翼と尾状の突起が５つ。花後は提灯のような袋状の萼を吊るします。
The flowers of Apple of Peru are pale blue-purple and white, bell-shaped, with a shallow five-lobed corolla and five stamens. The calyx is cylindrical with five lateral wings and tail-like projections. After flowering, the bag-like calyx hangs out like a lantern.
【仮名】ニカンドラ, オオセンナリ, クロホオズキ
【和名】大千成, 黒鬼灯
【英名】Apple of Peru, Shoo Fly Plant
【学名】Nicandra physalodes
【誕生】07/ 27, 08/ 14
【開花】07, 08, 09, 10月
【花色】Violet, Blue
ニカンドラ
ニカンドラの概要
ニカンドラはナス科オオセンナリ属の１年草。原産地はペルーなどの南米西部で、生育が強健な外来雑草として世界各地に広がっています。日本へは江戸時代に観賞用で持ち込まれましたが、野生化が見られるようになったのは1960年代から。花言葉は「可憐な愛」「偽り」などです。
ニカンドラの名前
ニカンドラはラテン語の属名で「有毒生物誌」「毒物誌」などを著した古代ギリシャの詩人ニカンドロスに由来。種小名フィサロデスは「鬼灯に似た」という意味です。和名の大千成は「千成酸漿」に似ながら袋が大きいから。黒鬼灯は萼筒が黒色の園芸種「ビオラセア」の和名です。
ニカンドラの姿形
ニカンドラは茎に稜があり、葉が互生。葉は卵形～長楕円形で先端が尖り、縁が不規則に切れ込みます。花は淡い青紫色と白色の釣鐘型で花冠が浅く５裂、雄しべが５本。萼は筒状で、側面の翼と尾状の突起が５つあります。花後は提灯のような袋状の萼に収められた丸い液果を形成。
ニカンドラの利用
ニカンドラは「ペルーの林檎」や「蝿よけ植物」という英名があります。液果は水分に乏しく、林檎のようには食べられませんが、かつては葉を薬草として熱冷まし、咳止め、痰切り、利尿などに利用。殺虫成分のニカンドレノンが含まれ、便所や塵芥置き場の近くに植えられました。
Apple of Peru
Overview of Apple of Peru
Apple of Peru is an annual plant of the Solanaceae family. It is native to western South America, including Peru, and has spread throughout the world as a hardy-growing invasive weed. It was brought to Japan as an ornamental during the Edo period, but it only began to be seen in the wild in the 1960s. The language of flowers is “pretty love” and “fake”.
Name of Apple of Peru
The Latin genus name for Apple of Peru is Nicandra. This name comes from the ancient Greek poet Nicander, who wrote “Toxic Biology” and “Toxicology”. The species name physalodes means “resembling Physalis alkekengi”. The Japanese name means “big bag Physalis angulata”. The garden variety with black calyx tube is called “Violacea”.
Appearance of Apple of Peru
Apple of Peru has ridged stems and alternate leaves. The leaves are oval to oblong with pointed tips and irregularly notched edges. The flowers are pale blue-purple and white, bell-shaped, with a shallow five-lobed corolla and five stamens. The calyx is cylindrical with five lateral wings and tail-like projections. After flowering, a round berry is formed inside a bag-shaped calyx that resembles a lantern.
Use of Apple of Peru
The berries of the Apple of Peru are low in water and cannot be eaten like apples, but the leaves were once used as a medicinal herb used for fever reduction, cough relief, phlegm removal, and diuresis. It is also called “Shoo Fly Plant”. This is because it contains the insecticidal ingredient nicandrenone. It was planted near toilets and garbage storage areas.
